In vitro and in vivo antifungal activity, liver profile test, and mutagenic activity of five plants used in traditional Mexican medicine

Berberis hartwegii Benth., Berberidaceae, Hamelia patens Jacq., Rubiaceae, Dendropanax arboreus (L.) Decne & Planch., Araliaceae, Erythrina herbacea L., Fabaceae, and Zanthoxylum caribaeum Lam., Rutaceae, acetone extracts were selected on the basis of their use in traditional Mexican medicine to treat scabies or skin diseases. Anti-dermatophyte activity in vitro was evaluated using the agar dilution assay, and the therapeutic efficacy of B. hartwegii and Z. caribaeum were tested against experimental tinea pedis. The infected animals were treated intragastrically daily for seven days with 2.5 and 5 mg/kg of acetone extracts. The acetone extract of H. patens exhibited 100% growth inhibition against T. mentagrophytes and E. floccosum at 100.0 and 50.0 µg/ml, respectively, and B. hartwegii inhibited growth of M. canis and T. mentagrophytes at 100.0 µg/ml. Effective treatments with 2.5 mg/kg of Z. caribaeum and B. hartwegii extract were comparable with 1 mg/kg of clotrimazole in mice. Liver profile tests and histological analyses did not exhibit any signs of toxicity and the Ames test indicated that both extracts were safe when evaluated in strains TA98, TA100 and TA102. Our results suggest the potential for the future development of new antifungal drugs from B. hartwegii or Z. caribaeum.

Acute and subacute toxicity (28 days) of a mixture of ursolic acid and oleanolic acid obtained from Bouvardia ternifolia in mice / Toxicidad aguda y subaguda (28 días) en ratones, de la mezcla de ácido ursólico y ácido oleanólico obtenida de Bouvardia ternifolia

Ursolic acid (UA) and oleanolic acid (OA) are triterpenes that are found in a large number of medicinal plants, one of which is the species Bouvardia ternifolia. These compounds have been shown to have around 120 types of biological activity, especially the hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory and antimycobacterial effects. Despite having a high therapeutic potential, not much information concerning their toxicity is available. This article describes the results of acute and subacute (28 days) toxicity evaluations in Balb/c mice (both sexes) treated with the mixture of UA/OA obtained from B. ternifolia at doses of 6.5 and 13 mg/kg. The LD50 was >300 mg/kg. During the subacute administration, there was no death of animals and no changes were observed in the growth or weight of the different organs when compared to the control groups. Studies of blood chemistry and blood count showed normal levels in all parameters evaluated. The histopathology of major organs showed no changes or abnormalities. The mixture UA/OA is indeed safe when administered subcutaneously as a single dose of 300 mg/kg or in repeated doses of 13 mg/kg during 28 days.

Los ácidos ursólico (UA) y oleanólico (OA) son triterpenos que se encuentran distribuidos en un gran número de plantas medicinales, una de ellas es la especie Bouvardia ternifolia. Estos compuestos han mostrado alrededor de 120 actividades biológicas, destacando los efectos hepatoprotector, antiinflamatorio y antimicobacteriano. A pesar de ser compuestos con un alto potencial terapéutico, no se han documentado muchos datos acerca de su toxicidad. En este artículo se describen los resultados de la evaluación de toxicidad aguda y subaguda (28 días) en ratones Balb/c de ambos sexos, tratados con la mezcla de AU/AO obtenida de B. ternifolia a dosis de 6.5 y 13 mg/kg. La DL50 fue > 300 mg/kg. Durante la administración subaguda, no hubo muerte de animales, tampoco se observaron alteraciones en su crecimiento ni alteraciones en el peso de los diferentes órganos. Los estudios de biometría hemática y química sanguínea mostraron niveles normales en todos los parámetros evaluados. Los análisis histopatológicos de los principales órganos no presentaron cambios o anormalidades. La mezcla UA/OA es prácticamente inocua cuando se administra subcutáneamente en dosis única de 300 mg/kg y 13 mg/kg en dosis repetida (28 días).